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He was the colossus of the Indian art world whose reign over twentieth-century modern art remains unparalleled. M. F. Husain (1913-2011) was the face of Indian modernism and owned it completely. Having started out as a painter of billboards in Bombay, he became its unchallenged monarch as a member of the influential Progressive Artists’ Group in 1947. He claimed the first National Award instituted by the Lalit Kala Akademi in 1955, and went on to become India’s most celebrated artist. In a practice that spanned over seventy years, Husain was playful, experimental, provocative, controversial—but never mediocre.

The art of the twentieth century may be too recent for us to judge it from the viewpoint of longevity, but if the past is any criterion, art is set to outlive us by far—a reason why its documentation is one of the more important tasks before us. This is where the Manifestations series is so important. It encourages discussion and debates around the selection of unique works by seventy-five acknowledged artists spanning a century (or more) of Indian modernism across a range of variously permutable combinations: periods, movements, mediums, materials, regions.  Raiba Ambadas Arpana Caur Arun Bose Asit Kumar Haldar Avinash Chandra Bal Chhabda Bikash Bhattacharjee Bimal Dasgupta Biren De Bireswar Sen C. Douglas Chittaprosad Devayani Krishna Dhanraj Bhagat Dharamnarayan Dasgupta Early Bengal (Anonymous) F. N. Souza G. R. Santosh Ganesh Pyne Gogi Saroj Pal Himmat Shah Indra Dugar J. C. Seal J. Sultan Ali J. Swaminathan Gaganendranath Tagore Raja Ravi Varma Jamini Roy Jeram Patel Jyoti Bhatt K. Adimoolam K. C. S. Paniker K. G. Subramanyan K. H. Ara K. K. Hebbar K. Laxma Goud K. S. Radhakrishnan Kalighat Pat (Anonymous) Khagen Roy Krishen Khanna L. Munuswamy Laxman Pai Laxman Shrestha M. F. Husain M. Senathipathi M. V. Dhurandhar N. S. Bendre Nandalal Bose Navjot Nemai Ghosh Nikhil Biswas P. Khemraj P. T. Reddy Paritosh Sen Partha Pratim Deb Prokash Karmakar Prosanto Roy Rabin Mondal Rabindranath Tagore Radha Charan Bagchi Ram Kumar Ranbir S. Kaleka Robert Ker Porter S. H. Raza Sakti Burman Satish Gujral Shanti Dave Shyamal Dutta Ray Gopal Ghose Sohan Qadri Sunil Das Sunil Madhav Sen Thota Vaikuntam Ved Nayar

The pinwheel of emotions is the genesis of our current exhibition, 'Navrasa: The Nine Emotions of Art'. This unique treatise of emotions and moods has formed the foundation for the performing and visual arts in India. As we researched deeper to explore the dynamics it shares with Indian modern art, we found that all emotions are intrinsically linked with each other, that they trigger actions and reactions and are catalysts for change. 'Navrasa' explores Indian modernism and looks at the works of masters through the nine primary emotions, and breaks new ground in the visualisation of Indian art. Raiba A. H. Muller A. Ramachandran Altaf Amal Nath Chakladar Amit Ambalal Anonymous Anonymous (Bengal ‘School’) Anonymous (Early Bengal School) Anonymous (Early Bengal, Kalighat Style) Anonymous (Kalighat Pat Anupam Sud Arpana Caur Arun Bose Arup Das Asit Haldar B. N. Arya B. Prabha Badri Narayan Bijan Choudhury Bikash Bhattacharjee Bireswar Sen C. Douglas Chintamoni Kar Chittaprosad D. P. Roy Chowdhury Dattatraya Apte Dharamanarayan Dasgupta F. N. Souza G. Reghu Gogi Saroj Pal Gopal Ghose Gopal Sanyal Haren Das Indu Rakshit J. Sultan Ali Jagadish Dey Jai Zharotia Jamini Roy Jaya Ganguly Jogen Chowdhury Jyoti Bhatt K. C. S. Paniker K. G. Subramanyan K. H. Ara K. K. Hebbar K. S. Kulkarni Kanchan Chander Kartick Chandra Pyne Krishen Khanna Kshitindranath Mazumdar Laxman Pai M. F. Husain Madhvi Parekh Mukul Dey Navjot Nemai Ghosh Nikhil Biswas P. S. Chander Shekar P. T. Reddy Paritosh Sen Prodosh Das Gupta Prokash Karmakar Rabin Mondal Radhacharan Bagchi Raja Ravi Varma Rameshwar Broota Ranbir Singh Kaleka S. Dhanapal Sakti Burman Sanat Chatterjee Sanat Kar Satish Gujral Satish Sinha Shyamal Dutta Ray Somnath Hore Stefan Norblin Subba Ghosh Sudhir Khastgir Sukhvinder Singh Sunil Das Sunil Madhav Sen Thota Vaikuntam Tyeb Mehta V. Nageshkar

In the articulation of twentieth century art, where does one place Altaf Mohamedi? That question has probably troubled more curators than we realise. Altaf, who studied art in London before returning to Bombay (now Mumbai) was following in the footsteps of his elder sister and artist Nasreen Mohamedi, but that is where all similarities ended. Where Nasreen was an abstract, sparse artist who created a distinctive language using, for most part, rigid, inflexible lines that nevertheless sang on the paper over which they were made, Altaf’s work was intensely political and social.

Sunayani Devi picked up a paintbrush in 1905 when she was thirty years old while supervising her kitchen duties, self-taught, but with enough talent to attract the critical attention of Stella Kramrisch who organised an exhibition of her paintings in Germany in 1927. It was in her worthy footsteps that India’s women artists followed. Devayani Krishna was born five years after Sunayani Devi began painting; Amrita Sher-Gil already had a career in Paris by the time India’s first art school-trained woman artist, Ambika Dhurandhar, earned her diploma in Bombay. B. Prabha followed next, her work reflecting the realities of the marginalised in a piquant language. By the time Nasreen Mohamedi and Zarina Hashmi, both born a decade before Independence, established their careers, women were joining art schools in greater numbers, validating their practice not on the basis of their gender but on its context. Anupam Sud Devayani Krishna Gogi Saroj Pal Latika Katt Madhvi Parekh Mrinalini Mukherjee Navjot Rekha Rodwittiya Shobha Broota Zarina Hashmi

A guided walk of the first free circulating public library of India—Uttarpara Public Library—with researcher Sarbajit Mitra, traversing the history of regional literary cultures, and sifting through their vast archive to delve into the vibrant world of illustrated periodicals in colonial Bengal, followed by a poetry reading by Sujoy Prasad Chatterjee. 

Steeped in sacred iconography particular to the Indian artist, Sohan Qadri (1932-2011), whose practice in Copenhagen brought him international renown, the ink and dye works represent the artist’s modernist vocabulary – minimalist, rendered in vibrant colours, with a tactile dimensionality that established him as a twentieth century painter whose legacy has impacted viewers around the world. Perhaps no other Indian artist has been as widely collected as Sohan Qadri.

A hop-in hop-off trail through the Calcutta underground metro rail, exploring the story of the murals that adorn the metro stations and enliven the everyday commute of millions of people.

A presentation and workshop with artist Hiran Mitra to examine intersecting ideas of montage-collage-assemblage in art-making.

A guided walk of the first free circulating public library of India—Uttarpara Public Library—with researcher Sarbajit Mitra, traversing the history of regional literary cultures, and sifting through their vast archive to delve into the vibrant world of illustrated periodicals in colonial Bengal, followed by a poetry reading by Sujoy Prasad Chatterjee. 

An art workshop and a tour of the Hooghly Imambara, relating the history of this iconic monument and the remaking of the fresco paintings that adorn its interiors with Agnibesh Ghosh, Mirza Sajid Ali and Sumantra Mukherjee.