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As printing technologies improved around the turn of the 18th century, a large number of cheaply reproduced printed pictures—illustrated books, almanacs and mythological images—became available to the common people. This became an important vehicle of social change because people could own, produce and disseminate images of all kinds—from their beloved deities and favourite fictional characters to political cartoons critiquing colonial authorities. Printmaking was equally treasured by artists for its aesthetic potential, as techniques like lithography, etching, metal engraving, viscosity, gave practitioners infinite opportunities for creative exploration. This landmark exhibition gives us a comprehensive overview of the history of the printed picture in India.

This exhibition looks at landscape painting in India over a period of two hundred years, from 1780 to 1980. We start with English artists who travelled in India from the late eighteenth century onwards, to rediscover what they were looking for, and how they saw what they found. The introduction of new materials, and the teaching of new methods in the art schools from the middle of the 19th century, encouraged some Indian artists to adopt similar academic style approaches. In the twentieth century, a reaction set in, as Indian artists sought new modes of expression. As if reclaiming their patrimony and the right to represent it, they invented a glorious array of new landscape styles.

For millennia, Banaras has captured the imagination of poets, writers, philosophers, and artists. Its sacredness, music, textiles, and food have been extensively explored and commented upon. It has been a muse for countless artists, who have found an abundance of inspiration on the ghats that skirt the Ganga, and in the city's narrow streets and crowded alleyways.

In celebration of birds and the long relationship art has shared with the winged creatures, this exhibition brings together four folios to present portraits of Indian birds made in the early nineteenth century. While representations of birds date back to the Ajanta murals, naturalistic imagery reached its peak in Mughal art under Emperor Jahangir. In the late 18th century two connected developments emerged in Lucknow and Calcutta. While General Claude Martin provided imported European paper to the artists in Lucknow to prepare botanical studies and other natural history works, in Calcutta Mary, Lady Impey (wife of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in Bengal, Elijah Impey) had a menagerie where she employed artists to portray variety of animals and birds. Dr. William Roxburgh, superintendent of Calcutta Botanical Garden from 1793, also added to the discourse of natural history by appointing local artists to make botanical studies of the specimens in his charge. The efforts of Martin, Impey, Roxburgh and their artists gave rise to a large body of Company Paintings dedicated to natural history.

The earliest English landscape artist to arrive in India in the eighteenth century, William Hodges is known for his fine landscape drawings and paintings of India made during his four-year stay from 1780-83.

The Dutch artist Marius Bauer was born on 25 January 1867 at The Hague, the Netherlands, to a stage painter who encouraged his son’s early interest in drawing.

Henry Singleton, who is best remembered in India for his dramatic paintings of the Anglo-Mysore wars of the eighteenth century, depicting the Mysore ruler Tipu Sultan, was born in an English family of artists in London on 19 October 1766.

Flemish marine painter and one of the early pioneers of printmaking in India, François Balthazar Solvyns was born in Antwerp, Belgium, on 6 July 1760, in a prominent merchant family.

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1849, into an affluent American family of spice and tea merchants from Newton, a suburb of Boston, Edwin Lord Weeks’s earliest known painting was made when he was eighteen-years old.

The midwestern city of Chicago hosts one of America’s most important art fairs—Expo Chicago—in which DAG participated in an attempt to introduce Indian moderns to the diaspora there as well as to art-lovers in general. To introduce art to this midwestern population, DAG picked on well-established names from the Indian art marquee. This included the National Treasure artist Jamini Roy whose works outside India are a rarity since they cannot be exported. Others included the Progressives F. N. Souza and M. F. Husain, New York-based printmakers Krishna Reddy and Zarina Hashmi (both now deceased) and artist Natvar Bhavsar, abstractionists Sohan Qadri and G. R. Santosh, a rare sculpture by Prodosh Das Gupta, and a body of other modernists representing the diverse range of works created by Indian artists in the twentieth century. A suite of small format watercolour landscapes by Bireswar Sen was a highlight of the booth. Avinash Chandra Bireswar Sen Chittaprosad F N Souza F N Souza G R Santosh Ganesh Pyne Jamini Roy K.S Kulkarni Krishna Reddy Laxman Pai M F Husain Madhvi Parekh Natvar Bhavsar Paritosh Sen Prodosh Das Gupta Rabin Mondal Sohan Qadri Zarina Hashmi

For the third year running, DAG participated at the Masterpiece London 2018, the UK’s leading cross collecting fair for art, design and collectibles. For this edition, DAG’s focus was sharper, and created a narrative for Indian modern art that addressed a sophisticated, discerning audience. Bikash Bhattacharjee F N Souza G R Santosh Jamini Roy Krishen Khanna M F Husain Rabin Mondal Ram Kumar Rameshwar Broota Shanti Dave Tyeb Mehta

DAG’s second outing at Masterpiece London, the prestigious fair for everything from exceptional jewellery, furniture and antiquities to works of art held annually at Chelsea, was marked by outstanding inclusions of works by modern masters. The showstopper was a massive sized British Raj - Procession by M. F. Husain (one of two works, the other being his Theorem II) that grabbed everyone’s attention, but equally hypnotising were paintings by Natvar Bhavsar (Eketak), George Keyt (Two Women Amid Plants), F. N. Souza’s fabulous Temple Dancer, tantra-based paintings by G. R. Santosh, Prabhakar Barwe and a work in relief by Satish Gujral. Bikash Bhattacharjee Natvar Bhavsar Avinash Chandra K. K. Hebbar M. F. Husain Ranbir Singh Kaleka George Keyt Krishen Khanna Jehangir Sabavala G. R. Santosh F. N. Souza